LATEST L6M2 TEST TESTKING | L6M2 TRUSTWORTHY PDF

Latest L6M2 Test Testking | L6M2 Trustworthy Pdf

Latest L6M2 Test Testking | L6M2 Trustworthy Pdf

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Tags: Latest L6M2 Test Testking, L6M2 Trustworthy Pdf, L6M2 Test Questions Answers, L6M2 Actual Test Pdf, L6M2 Exam Preparation

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CIPS L6M2 Exam Syllabus Topics:

TopicDetails
Topic 1
  • Understand and apply the concept of commercial global strategy in organizations: This section measures the skills of Global Strategy Analysts and focuses on evaluating the characteristics of strategic decisions in organizations. It includes understanding strategic versus operational management, strategic choices, and the vocabulary of strategy. A key skill measured is effectively differentiating between strategic and operational management.
Topic 2
  • Understand financial aspects that affect procurement and supply: This section measures the skills of Financial Analysts in assessing how costs, funding, and economic objectives impact supply chains. It includes managing currency volatility through exchange rate instruments like forwards or derivatives and addressing commodity price fluctuations using futures or hedging. A critical skill assessed is managing financial risks in global supply chains effectively.
Topic 3
  • Understand and apply tools and techniques to address the challenges of global supply chains: This section targets Supply Chain Analysts and covers methods for analyzing global supply chains, such as STEEPLED analysis, benchmarking, and performance metrics. It also evaluates regulatory influences, including import
  • export controls, tariffs, and employment regulations like equality, health, and safety. A critical skill assessed is applying STEEPLED analysis to supply chain challenges.
Topic 4
  • Understand strategy formulation and implementation: This section evaluates the skills of Strategic Planners in understanding how corporate and business strategies impact supply chains. It covers strategic directions, diversification, portfolio matrices, and methods for pursuing strategies like mergers or alliances. It also examines aligning supply chains with organizational structures and managing resources like people, technology, and finance. A key skill measured is implementing strategies under uncertain conditions.

CIPS Global Commercial Strategy Sample Questions (Q31-Q36):

NEW QUESTION # 31
SIMULATION
XYX is an airline whose profits have been severely affected due to not being able to operate during a two-year pandemic. Cash reserves at the organisation are at an all time low and XYZ are looking into sources of short-term funding for working capital. Discuss four sources and suggest which one XYZ should use.

Answer:

Explanation:
Sources of Short-Term Funding for XYZ Airline
Introduction
XYZ, an airline with severe financial losses due to a two-year pandemic, requires short-term funding to maintain operations. With cash reserves at an all-time low, the airline needs immediate working capital to cover employee salaries, aircraft maintenance, airport fees, and fuel costs.
Short-term funding options provide temporary liquidity but come with different risks and costs. This answer evaluates four sources of short-term funding and recommends the best option for XYZ.
1. Bank Overdraft (Flexible Borrowing Facility)
Explanation:
A bank overdraft allows XYZ to withdraw funds beyond its available balance, up to a set limit.
✅ Advantages
✔ Flexible borrowing - Funds can be accessed as needed.
✔ Quick to arrange - Available through existing bank relationships.
✔ Interest only on borrowed amount - No need to take a large loan upfront.
❌ Disadvantages
✖ High-interest rates - Overdrafts often have higher interest than standard loans.
✖ Limited borrowing capacity - May not be enough to cover all costs.
✖ Bank may demand repayment at short notice.
Best for: Covering minor cash flow shortages but not large-scale operational funding.
2. Short-Term Business Loan (Fixed-Term Borrowing from a Bank or Lender) Explanation:
A short-term loan provides a lump sum of cash that XYZ must repay over a set period (typically 3-12 months).
✅ Advantages
✔ Larger funding amounts available - More substantial than overdrafts.
✔ Predictable repayment terms - Fixed monthly payments help with planning.
✔ Can be secured or unsecured - Secured loans offer lower interest rates.
❌ Disadvantages
✖ Requires repayment even if revenue is still low.
✖ Potentially high interest rates, especially for unsecured loans.
✖ Approval process may take time.
Best for: Covering larger operational costs like aircraft maintenance and staff salaries.
3. Sale and Leaseback of Assets (Liquidity from Selling Existing Assets) Explanation:
XYZ can sell its aircraft or other assets to an investor or leasing company and then lease them back for continued use.
✅ Advantages
✔ Immediate cash injection without losing operational assets.
✔ No repayment burden - Unlike loans, it does not increase debt levels.
✔ Improves cash flow for essential expenses.
❌ Disadvantages
✖ Long-term cost increase - Leasing is more expensive than owning in the long run.
✖ Loss of asset ownership - Limits financial flexibility in the future.
✖ Dependent on market conditions - Aircraft resale values fluctuate.
Best for: Raising large capital quickly while continuing operations.
4. Government Grants or Emergency Aid (Public Sector Financial Assistance) Explanation:
Governments often provide financial aid or grants to struggling industries, especially airlines affected by global crises.
✅ Advantages
✔ No repayment required - Unlike loans, grants do not need to be repaid.
✔ Low risk - Does not increase financial liabilities.
✔ Supports industry stability - Governments want airlines to survive for economic reasons.
❌ Disadvantages
✖ Lengthy approval process - Bureaucratic delays may not provide immediate relief.
✖ Strict eligibility requirements - XYZ must meet conditions set by the government.
✖ Potential public criticism - Bailouts may attract negative media attention.
Best for: Long-term financial recovery rather than immediate short-term cash flow issues.
5. Recommendation: Best Source for XYZ
Recommended Option:Sale and Leaseback of Assets
Why?
✅ Provides immediate liquidity - Essential for covering urgent operational costs.
✅ No additional debt burden - Unlike loans, it does not create financial liabilities.
✅ Ensures business continuity - XYZ can still operate leased aircraft.
Secondary Option: Short-Term Loan
If sale and leaseback is not viable, a short-term business loan can be used for emergency liquidity, but it increases financial risk.
Final Takeaway:
Sale and Leaseback → Best for quick large-scale funding without debt.
Short-Term Loan → A backup option if leasing is unavailable.


NEW QUESTION # 32
SIMULATION
XYZ is a manufacturing company based in the UK. It has a large complex supply chain and imports raw materials from Argentina and South Africa. It sells completed products internationally via their website. Evaluate the role of licencing and taxation on XYZ's operations.

Answer:

Explanation:
Evaluation of the Role of Licensing and Taxation on XYZ's Operations
Introduction
Licensing and taxation play a critical role in international trade, supply chain management, and overall financial performance. For XYZ, a UK-based manufacturing company that imports raw materials from Argentina and South Africa and sells internationally via an e-commerce platform, compliance with licensing and taxation regulations is essential to ensure smooth operations, cost efficiency, and legal compliance.
This evaluation will assess the impact of licensing and taxation on XYZ's global supply chain, import/export activities, and financial performance.
1. The Role of Licensing in XYZ's Operations
1.1 Import and Export Licensing Regulations
As XYZ imports raw materials from Argentina and South Africa, it must comply with the UK's import licensing requirements and trade agreements with these countries.
✅ Impact on XYZ:
Import licenses may be required for certain restricted raw materials (e.g., metals, chemicals, agricultural products).
Export control laws may apply, depending on the destination of final products.
Delays or fines may occur if licenses are not properly managed.
Example: If XYZ imports metal components subject to UK trade restrictions, it must secure import licenses before shipment clearance.
1.2 Industry-Specific Licensing Requirements
Some industries require special licenses to manufacture and sell products globally.
✅ Impact on XYZ:
If XYZ manufactures electronics or chemical-based products, it may need compliance certifications (e.g., CE marking in the EU, FDA approval in the US).
Failure to meet licensing requirements can block international sales.
Example: A UK manufacturer selling medical devices must obtain MHRA (Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency) approval before distributing products.
1.3 E-Commerce & Digital Sales Licensing
As XYZ sells its products internationally via its website, it must comply with:
✅ Consumer Protection Laws (e.g., GDPR for EU customers).
✅ E-commerce business registration and online sales regulations.
Example: XYZ may need a VAT number in the EU if it sells products to European customers via its website.
2. The Role of Taxation in XYZ's Operations
2.1 Import Duties and Tariffs
XYZ's supply chain involves importing raw materials from Argentina and South Africa, which may attract import duties and tariffs.
✅ Impact on XYZ:
Higher import duties increase raw material costs and impact profitability.
Tariff-free trade agreements (e.g., UK-South Africa trade deal) may reduce costs.
Post-Brexit UK-EU trade regulations may affect supply chain tax structures.
Example: If the UK imposes high tariffs on South African goods, XYZ may need to find alternative suppliers or negotiate better deals.
2.2 Corporate Tax & International Tax Compliance
XYZ must comply with UK corporate tax laws and international taxation regulations.
✅ Impact on XYZ:
Paying corporate tax in the UK based on global sales revenue.
Managing international tax obligations when selling in multiple countries.
Risk of double taxation if the same income is taxed in multiple jurisdictions.
Example: If XYZ sells products in Germany and the US, it may need to register for tax in those countries and comply with local VAT/GST requirements.
2.3 Value Added Tax (VAT) & Sales Tax
Since XYZ sells internationally via its website, it must adhere to global VAT and sales tax rules.
✅ Impact on XYZ:
In the EU, VAT registration is required for online sales above a certain threshold.
In the US, sales tax regulations vary by state.
Compliance with UK VAT laws (e.g., 20% standard rate) on domestic sales.
Example: A UK company selling online to EU customers must comply with the EU One-Stop-Shop (OSS) VAT scheme.
2.4 Transfer Pricing & Tax Efficiency
If XYZ has international subsidiaries or supply chain partners, it must manage transfer pricing regulations.
✅ Impact on XYZ:
Ensuring fair pricing between UK operations and overseas suppliers to avoid tax penalties.
Optimizing tax-efficient supply chain structures to minimize tax burdens.
Example: Multinational companies like Apple and Amazon use tax-efficient structures to reduce liabilities.
3. Strategic Actions for XYZ to Manage Licensing and Taxation Effectively XYZ can take several steps to optimize tax compliance and licensing efficiency:

Conclusion
Licensing and taxation have a major impact on XYZ's international manufacturing and e-commerce operations. To maintain profitability and regulatory compliance, XYZ must:
✅ Ensure import/export licensing aligns with UK and international trade laws.
✅ Manage import duties, VAT, and corporate tax obligations effectively.
✅ Optimize its supply chain and tax planning to reduce costs.
By proactively managing these areas, XYZ can enhance its global competitiveness while minimizing risks.


NEW QUESTION # 33
SIMULATION
XYZ is a toilet paper manufacturer based in the UK. It has 2 large factories employing over 500 staff and a complex supply chain sourcing paper from different forests around the world. XYZ is making some strategic changes to the way it operates including changes to staffing structure and introducing more automation. Discuss 4 causes of resistance to change that staff at XYZ may experience and examine how the CEO of XYZ can successfully manage this resistance to change

Answer:

Explanation:
Causes of Resistance to Change & Strategies to Manage It - XYZ Case Study When XYZ, a UK-based toilet paper manufacturer, implements strategic changes such as staff restructuring and automation, employees may resist change due to uncertainty, fear, and disruption to their work environment. Below are four key causes of resistance and how the CEO can manage them effectively.
Causes of Resistance to Change
1. Fear of Job Loss
Cause: Employees may fear that automation will replace their jobs, leading to layoffs. Factory workers and administrative staff may feel particularly vulnerable.
Example: If machines take over manual processes like paper cutting and packaging, employees may see this as a direct threat to their roles.
2. Lack of Communication and Transparency
Cause: When management fails to communicate the reasons for change, employees may speculate and assume the worst. Unclear messages lead to distrust.
Example: If XYZ's CEO announces restructuring without explaining why and how jobs will be affected, employees may feel insecure and disengaged.
3. Loss of Skills and Status
Cause: Some employees, especially long-serving workers, may feel their skills are becoming obsolete due to automation. Managers may resist change if they fear losing power in a new structure.
Example: A production line supervisor may oppose automation because it reduces the need for human oversight, making their role seem redundant.
4. Organizational Culture and Habit
Cause: Employees are accustomed to specific ways of working, and sudden changes disrupt routine. Resistance occurs when changes challenge existing work culture.
Example: XYZ's employees may have always used manual processes, and shifting to AI-driven production feels unfamiliar and uncomfortable.
How the CEO Can Manage Resistance to Change
1. Effective Communication Strategy
✅ What to do?
Clearly explain why the changes are necessary (e.g., cost efficiency, competitiveness).
Use town hall meetings, emails, and team discussions to provide updates.
Address employee concerns directly to reduce uncertainty.
Example: The CEO can send monthly updates on automation, ensuring transparency and reducing fear.
2. Employee Involvement and Engagement
✅ What to do?
Involve staff in decision-making to give them a sense of control.
Create cross-functional teams to gather employee input.
Provide opportunities for feedback and discussion.
Example: XYZ can form a worker's advisory panel to gather employee concerns and address them proactively.
3. Training and Upskilling Programs
✅ What to do?
Offer training programs to help employees adapt to new technologies.
Provide reskilling opportunities for employees whose jobs are affected.
Reassure staff that automation will create new roles, not just eliminate jobs.
Example: XYZ can introduce digital skills training for workers transitioning from manual processes to automated systems.
4. Change Champions & Support Systems
✅ What to do?
Appoint change champions (influential employees) to advocate for change.
Offer emotional and psychological support (e.g., HR consultations, career guidance).
Recognize and reward employees who embrace change.
Example: XYZ can offer bonuses or promotions to employees who successfully transition into new roles.
Conclusion
Resistance to change is natural, but the CEO of XYZ can minimize resistance through clear communication, employee involvement, training, and structured support. By managing resistance effectively, XYZ can ensure a smooth transition while maintaining employee morale and operational efficiency.


NEW QUESTION # 34
SIMULATION
Explain how culture and historic influences can impact upon a business's strategic decisions and positioning within the marketplace

Answer:

Explanation:
How Culture and Historic Influences Impact Strategic Decisions and Market Positioning A business's strategic decisions and positioning within the marketplace are shaped by both organizational culture and historical influences. These factors affect how a company develops strategy, interacts with customers, manages employees, and competes globally.
1. The Role of Organizational Culture in Strategic Decisions
Organizational culture is the shared values, beliefs, and behaviors within a company. It influences decision-making, innovation, and competitive advantage.
How Culture Affects Strategy
✅ Risk Appetite - A culture that embraces innovation (e.g., Google) will invest in R&D, while risk-averse cultures (e.g., traditional banks) focus on stability.
✅ Decision-Making Speed - Hierarchical cultures (e.g., Japanese firms) rely on consensus, while Western firms (e.g., Apple) may have centralized decision-making.
✅ Customer Engagement - A customer-centric culture (e.g., Amazon) leads to investment in personalization and AI-driven recommendations.
Example:
Toyota's Kaizen Culture (Continuous Improvement) has shaped its lean manufacturing strategy, giving it a competitive advantage in cost efficiency.
2. How Historic Influences Shape Business Strategy
Historical events, past business performance, economic trends, and industry evolution shape how businesses position themselves in the marketplace.
How History Affects Strategy
✅ Legacy of Innovation or Conservatism - Companies with a history of innovation (e.g., IBM, Tesla) continuously push boundaries, while firms with traditional roots (e.g., British banks) focus on risk management.
✅ Economic Crises and Financial Stability - Businesses that survived financial crises (e.g., 2008 recession) tend to develop risk-averse financial strategies.
✅ Market Reputation and Consumer Perception - A strong historical reputation can be leveraged for branding (e.g., Rolls-Royce's luxury image).
Example:
Lego nearly went bankrupt in the early 2000s, leading it to redefine its strategy, focus on digital gaming partnerships, and revive its brand.
3. The Influence of National and Corporate Culture on Global Positioning When expanding globally, businesses must align their strategies with different cultural expectations.
How Culture Affects Global Market Entry
✅ Consumer Preferences - Fast food chains adapt menus for local cultures (e.g., McDonald's in India offers vegetarian options).
✅ Negotiation & Communication Styles - Business negotiations in China emphasize relationships ("Guanxi"), while Western firms prioritize efficiency.
✅ Leadership and Management Approaches - German firms emphasize engineering precision, while Silicon Valley firms prioritize agility and experimentation.
Example:
IKEA modifies store layouts in different countries-small apartments in Japan vs. large home spaces in the U.S.
4. Strategic Positioning Based on Cultural & Historic Factors
A company's historical and cultural influences define its positioning strategy:

Conclusion
A business's strategic decisions and market positioning are deeply influenced by organizational culture, national culture, and historical performance. Companies that leverage their cultural strengths and adapt to market history can achieve long-term competitive advantage.


NEW QUESTION # 35
SIMULATION
XYZ is a large manufacturing organisation which employs 200 skilled staff in its factory in Bolton. It has a large global supply chain with raw materials sourced from Asia and Africa. Discuss five areas of policy that can affect the people working in the supply chain

Answer:

Explanation:
Five Areas of Policy Affecting People in the Supply Chain - XYZ Manufacturing Introduction A global supply chain involves multiple stakeholders, including suppliers, logistics providers, and factory workers. Policies at corporate, national, and international levels impact the working conditions, rights, and well-being of people within the supply chain.
For XYZ, a large manufacturing company with a factory in Bolton and suppliers in Asia and Africa, key policy areas affecting its workforce and supply chain workers include labor rights, health and safety, wages, environmental regulations, and ethical sourcing.
1. Labor Laws and Workers' Rights Policies
Policies related to employment laws, working hours, and fair treatment impact supply chain workers' rights.
✅ Key Areas of Impact
Child labor and forced labor laws ensure ethical sourcing.
Working hours and overtime regulations prevent worker exploitation.
Freedom of association (e.g., the right to join trade unions) allows collective bargaining.
Example: The International Labour Organization (ILO) conventions set global labor standards, influencing suppliers in Asia and Africa.
✅ Impact on XYZ
Must audit suppliers to ensure compliance with fair labor policies.
Risk of reputational damage if suppliers engage in unethical labor practices.
2. Health and Safety Regulations
Policies ensuring safe working conditions in manufacturing and supply chain operations protect employees from hazards.
✅ Key Areas of Impact
Workplace safety (e.g., protective equipment, fire prevention, accident reporting).
Factory compliance with OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) standards.
COVID-19 and pandemic-related health protocols in global supply chains.
Example: Bangladesh's Rana Plaza factory collapse (2013) highlighted the dangers of weak safety regulations, prompting global reforms in factory safety policies.
✅ Impact on XYZ
Needs to conduct supplier audits to ensure compliance with safety laws.
May need to invest in better safety training for factory workers in Bolton.
3. Wages and Fair Pay Policies
Regulations and policies on minimum wages, equal pay, and fair compensation influence worker conditions in global supply chains.
✅ Key Areas of Impact
Minimum wage laws in supplier countries affect labor costs.
Fair pay policies ensure workers are not underpaid or exploited.
Gender pay equity promotes inclusive employment practices.
Example: The UK's National Minimum Wage ensures fair pay, but wages in Asia and Africa may be significantly lower.
✅ Impact on XYZ
Needs to ensure suppliers pay living wages to avoid reputational risks.
Could face supply chain disruptions if wage disputes lead to strikes or protests.
4. Environmental and Sustainability Policies
Environmental policies regulate how businesses source raw materials, manage waste, and reduce carbon emissions.
✅ Key Areas of Impact
Deforestation and raw material sourcing laws (e.g., FSC-certified timber, conflict minerals regulations).
Carbon emissions policies affect logistics and transportation.
Waste disposal and pollution regulations impact factory operations.
Example: The EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) affects importers sourcing from high-carbon-emitting regions.
✅ Impact on XYZ
Must ensure suppliers meet environmental standards to avoid legal penalties.
Needs to reduce carbon footprint by choosing sustainable transport and materials.
5. Ethical Sourcing and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Policies
Ethical sourcing policies ensure companies buy from responsible suppliers that copyright human rights and environmental protection.
✅ Key Areas of Impact
Modern Slavery Act (UK, 2015) requires firms to report on anti-slavery efforts.
Fairtrade and ethical certification policies ensure responsible supply chain practices.
CSR commitments require businesses to engage in community welfare programs.
Example: Nestlé has an Ethical Sourcing Program for cocoa, ensuring child labor-free supply chains.
✅ Impact on XYZ
Needs to conduct supplier due diligence to comply with ethical sourcing laws.
Ethical policies can enhance brand reputation and customer trust.
Conclusion
Policies on labor rights, health and safety, fair wages, environmental sustainability, and ethical sourcing directly impact people working in XYZ's supply chain. To ensure compliance, XYZ must adopt robust supplier audits, transparent reporting, and ethical business practices to protect workers' rights while maintaining a resilient and responsible supply chain.


NEW QUESTION # 36
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